aktuell

Allergen extract is a mixture of various naturally occurring compounds such as allergens, proteins and other enzymes that are obtained from allergic sources including pollen, animal hair, molds, and insects. Naturally occurring compounds are used to test antibody response when exposed to various allergens and other immunotherapeutic tests. Allergens are used in diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever), conjunctivitis, sinusitis and allergies caused by food and animal venoms. Based on the route of administration, allergen extracts are categorized into Injectable allergen extracts, Oral allergen extracts.

Injectable allergen extracts are sterile liquids mixed with allergen compounds manufactured from different natural allergen sources. Injectable allergen extracts are used mainly for diagnosis and treatment of food allergies and dermatitis caused by allergic substances. Allergen extracts are used for diagnostic purpose in food allergies. Injectable allergen extracts are administered through subcutaneous layer since it may cause heightened allergic reactions when given intravenously. Injectable allergen extracts are further categorized into two types namely standardized and non-standardized. Standardized allergen extracts have known potency while non-standardized extracts has no known measure of potency. Oral allergen extracts are available in tablet form intended for oral administration to test allergic reactions. Oral allergen extracts are used in the treatment of hay fever, and allergic conjunctivitis. Some of the commercially available oral administration allergen extracts include sublingual tablets namely, Grastek, Oralair and Ragwitek.

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Furthermore, less popular diagnostic tests available in the market include allergen patch tests and allergen skin tests. Allergen patch tests are also referred as Thin Layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Patch tests (T.R.U.E test). T.R.U.E patch test is used to diagnose different forms of contact dermatitis and is manufactured from various natural allergic substances or chemicals such as nickel, rubber and other elicit substances (fragrant mixes). T.R.U.E. patch test is commonly used in adults having allergic history from one of the 35 different allergens stated under T.R.U.E test standards. Antigen skin tests are used to diagnose allergies caused by different pathogens such as Candida albicans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The Allergen Extracts Market is anticipated to grow owing to perpetually rising demand for immunotherapeutic diagnosis and treatment of different diseases caused by allergens. The U.S. is the largest market for allergen extracts and is expected to show positive growth during the forecast period from 2014 to 2020. Factors such as high demand of oral administration allergen extracts over subcutaneous administration allergen extracts are driving the growth of allergen extracts market in the U.S. Merck & Co., Inc. and Greer are expected to lead the allergen extract market in the U.S. Europe has large potential for growth of the allergen extracts market especially for the subcutaneously administered allergy extracts. However economic slowdown of healthcare expenditure in Europe is restraining the growth of allergen extracts market. Asia Pacific market is anticipated to expand during the forecast period from 2014 to 2020 owing to launch of new sublingual allergy extract therapies in the Japanese market by local manufacturers. Rest of the world (RoW) countries mainly Latin American countries are expected to increase the potential of global allergen extract market in near future.

Some of the major players in the allergen extract market are Greer, ALK-Abello, Allergopharma (Merck), Genentech, Roche, Shionogi & Co., Novartis, HollisterStier Allergy, MSD (Merck & Co.) and others.

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Fc proteins are the proteins which are found on the surface of various cells including B.lymphocytes, natural killer cells, follicular dendritic cells, neutrophils, basophils, macrophages, eosinophils and mast cells. Fc proteins help these cells in providing protective functions to the immune system by binding with antibodies at fragment crystallizable region.

Fc proteins bind with antibodies that are connected with either invading pathogens or infected cells stimulating the cytotoxic and phagocytic cells to destroy microbes, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated phagocytosis. Based on these mechanisms many research institutes and market players in pharmaceutical industries are involved in developing engineered antibodies based on Fc proteins mechanism. On the basis of the available drugs in phase II and phase III pipeline, Fc Proteins Engineered Antibodies Market can be segmented into three types which are Ocaratuzumab, Margetuximab, XmAb5574.

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Ocaratuzumab (AME-133V) is a humanized monoclonal antibody aimed for the treatment of cancer and auto immune disorders. This drug is developed by Mentrik Biotech, LLC and is currently under phase III clinical trials. Phase I and II trials which were aimed on relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients in the U.S. and Japan respectively showed that ocaratuzumab is having 13 to 20 fold greater affinity then already available treatment drugs especially rituximab. Therefore, it is expected that this drug will prove beneficial in future assisting the growth of Fc proteins engineered antibodies market during the forecast period.

Margetuximab (MGAH22), Fc protein engineered antibody developed by Macrogeics, Inc. is currently under phase II clinical trials. This drug is designed to fight against advanced solid tumors expressing the HER2 oncoprotein. XmAB5574 (MOR208) is a Fc protein engineered monoclonal antibody in phase II development. The drug was developed by Xencor, Inc. and currently MacrphoSys AG is performing phase II clinical trials for the drug. The trials are aimed on treatment for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Xencor, Inc. discovered XmAB5574 and licensed the exclusive worldwide right for all type of indications to MorphoSys Ag in 2010.

Fc proteins and glycoengineered antibodies market will grow rapidly aided by the major developments taking place in glycoengineered antibodies technology platform. There are various technologies such as GlycoMab technology, GlycoExpress technology and GlymaxX technology which could be utilized for the production of novel Fc proteins engineered antibodies. Moreover, Fc protein engineered antibodies also have other emerging opportunities in addition to oncology and immunology. For instance, companies with successful antibody drugs nearing patent expiry can develop Fc proteins engineered antibody using monoclonal antibody.

Additionally, the increasing prevalence of the cancer worldwide is encouraging the scientist in developing more effective cancer treatment methods. According to World Health Organization (WHO), cancer was the leading cause of death in 2012, accounting for 8.2 million deaths worldwide. High prevalence of cancer coupled with high mortality rate is demanding for new and novel cancer treatment methods, hence driving the Fc proteins engineered antibodies market. However, the market is likely to face competition from other innovative antibodies based therapeutic technologies and other glycoengineered antibodies, which will restrain the market. For example, two highly efficient antibody drug conjugates namely adcentris by Seattle Genetics, Inc. and kadcyla by Genentech, Inc. are already present in the market, which will hamper the easy entry of Fc protein engineered antibodies during the forecast period.

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Choledocholithiasis is a condition wherein gall stones are found in the common bile duct instead of the gall bladder. Common bile duct is a small tube that carries bile from the gall bladder to the intestine. The condition is also known to occur in people whose gall bladder has been removed. Onset of symptoms is usually observed when gall stones start blocking the bile duct. Some of the symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Complications may also include biliary cirrhosis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis. These stones cause blockage and infection. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, the disease can be life-threatening. The treatment for choledocholithiasis basically aims at relieving the blockage in the common bile duct. Different types of gall stones are cholesterol stones, pigment stones, and mixed stones. Cholesterol stones account for about 70% of gall stones. Diet is also known to play an important role in the prevention of formation of gall stones in the common bile duct.

Stones in the common bile duct is a complicated disorder to diagnose. Initially, experts relate common symptoms of the disease such as nausea and vomiting with diagnostic tests. Generally, physicians confirm the presence of choledocholithiasis with abdominal ultrasound. In this test, the ultrasound shows shadows of stones in the gall bladder of the patient. Generally, diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is recommended if liver function blood tests show increase in levels of serum transaminases and bilirubin.

Major driving factors for the Choledocholithiasis Market are rise in elderly population, increase in prevalence of different gall bladder diseases, adoption of upgraded techniques and procedures for treating gall bladder diseases, and acceptance of different diagnostic treatment options. In 2013, biliary and gall-bladder-related diseases occurred in approximately 104 million people worldwide. Additionally, rise in health care expenditure, increase in government initiatives, rise in awareness about the disease are other factors likely to drive the choledocholithiasis market during the forecast period. On the other hand, complications during surgery and asymptomatic nature of gall stones may hinder the Choledocholithiasis market in the near future.

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The global market for choledocholithiasis can be segmented based on diagnosis, blood test, treatment type, and geography. The diagnostic test segment includes abdominal CT scan, abdominal ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCO), percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiogram (PTCA), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic ultrasound. The blood test segment comprises tests for bilirubin, liver functioning, complete blood count (CBC), and pancreatic enzymes. Treatment for choledocholithiasis may involve medication, surgery, or sphincterotomy. Surgery is performed to remove the gall bladder and stones. Sphincterotomy involves a surgical cut into the muscle of the common bile duct removing stones.

Geographically, the global choledocholithiasis market has been segmented into five regions viz. North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America dominates the global choledocholithiasis market, followed by Europe. Rise in the number of gall bladder and bile duct-related disorders such as biliary cirrhosis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis; developed Infrastructure; wide acceptance of new in-vitro diagnostic techniques; and favorable reimbursement policies are some of the key factors boosting the North America market. However, rapidly increasing prevalence of choledocholithiasis and related diseases in Asia Pacific is anticipated to drive the Choledocholithiasis market in the region in the next few years. Major countries of the region such as India, China, and Japan have a large population suffering from bile duct and gall bladder-related disorders. Additionally, the rise in awareness about health care, surge in the demand for early diagnosis and precise treatment of the disorder, increase in government initiatives, and rise in per capita income are other factors driving the Choledocholithiasis market.

Some of the key players operating in the global choledocholithiasis market are Astra Zeneca, Novartis, GSK, Pfizer, Abbott Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Celgene Corporation, and Eli Lilly and Company.

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Air bubble detectors are the devices used to detect air bubbles in fluid filled tubes. These detectors or sensors are important in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, petroleum industry, and process control. In the field of health care, air bubble detectors are critical in applications such as blood flow monitoring, haemodialysis, and infusion pumps. Other applications of air bubble detectors include immunoassay, chemical analysis, apheresis / auto-transfusion, biotech / DNA analysis, blood processing, in-vivo detection of gas etc. The most common type of detectors used to detect air bubbles are capacitor based and ultrasonic. Ultrasonic sensors work on two techniques for bubble detection, out of these techniques one technique involves sound waves transmitting from a transducer, over the fluid to a another transducer which detects the waves. In second technique pulse-echo method involves. In this technique, sound waves are transmitted to the fluid and waves are reflected and received by the same transmitter which sent it.

Key players operating in the global air bubble detector market are Biosonix, Inc., Introtek International, Measurement Specialties, Inc., Moog Inc., Morgan Advanced Materials, Amphenol, Siansonic Technology Co., Ltd., SMD, Inc., SONOTEC, and Sensaras LLC among others.

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Another type of sensor is capacitive sensor; it has uses in various industries because of its minimization capabilities and ease of fabrication. Capacitive sensors can be efficiently designed on printed circuit boards. It consists of two parallel electrodes, when an air bubble comes with fluid in tube, capacitance reduced and voltage production increases. Bubble size has inverse relation with measured capacity. These air bubble detectors are useful in extracorporeal blood circuits (ECBC). In several medical treatments ECBC uses for the detection of air bubble in blood vesicles for the safety of patients. Bubbles of air in an artery which delivers blood to the brain or heart can cause severe damage or death. In an arterial pumps of ECBC which supply blood to the heart above explained blood sensors are placed for air bubble detection. On the basis of detected bubble size, arterial pumps respond in different ways. The operator can set the size threshold for the detected bubbles by making changes in the sensor.

Advancement in medical technologies and medical treatment is driving the Air Bubble Detector Market. Air bubble detectors also rising the safety, long term stability, and reliability which are increasing growth of market. It offers interchangeability over a broad temperature range which is different for different industries. These devices are extensively used in medicine and research related fields, thus driving the market of air bubble detectors. However, risk of failure and high cost are the major restraints for the air bubble detector market. Air bubble detector market is segmented into three major categories, on the basis of product, application, and geography. On the basis of product, the market is categorized into two parts: fixed and adjustable products. On the basis of application, the market is segmented broadly into five categories. These include medical technology, pharmaceutical industries, food industries, automation & process control, and others.

On the basis of geography, the air bubble detector market is segmented into four regions, North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World. North America is the major market for air bubble detectors because of advanced medical technology, surgery, and treatment of typical health problems. Also in countries of North America, advanced research is ongoing, thus driving market growth in the region.

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Skin rash is not a medical condition but a symptom of skin inflammation and discoloration caused by some kind of infection. Skin rashes are also associated with weeping sores, scarring, and lesions. This condition is characterized by red, inflamed, and occasionally brittle skin. Most of the times, skin rashes are caused by infections from bacteria, fungi, or viruses. However, non-infectious skin rashes also affect several people. These include seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, statis dermatitis, psoriasis, nummular eczema, and diaper rashes. Poisonous plants also cause allergenic skin rashes due to presence of allergenic sap resin in the plant.

Based on appearance, skin rashes are generally classified as macular, popular, papulosquamous, and vesicular. Treatment for skin rashes depends on the etiology of skin rashes. For instance, rashes developed from fungal infections (such as roseola measles, rubella, varicella zoster, herpes, and shingles) are treated with antifungal creams such as clotrimazole and terbinafine. Bacterial infections such as impetigo, scarlet fever, or Lyme disease cause pustular eruptions that are often quiet painful. These can be easily treated with over-the-counter antibacterial drugs such as bacitracin and mupirocin. Skin rashes caused by viral infections (such as jock itch) are widely distributed generally and they affect large portions of skin. Hives (urticaria) is a kind of skin inflammation that causes itchy, red or white welts (wheels) on the skin.

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These kind of rashes are treated using antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, cetirizine, desloratadine, loratadine, and fexofenadine. As most of skin rashes last for a while and vanish, it is advised to wait and observe whether rashes disappear with over-the-counter drugs. If rashes persist, consultation with a dermatologist or general physician is suggested. Increase in the incidence and prevalence of dermatological diseases such as dermatitis, statis dermatitis, and psoriasis is likely to boost the Skin Rashes Treatment Market during the forecast period. Also, increase in the number of patients suffering from different bacterial, fungal, and viral dermatological infections is likely to drive the skin rashes treatment market during the forecast period. However, increase in the use of self-medications i.e. over-the-counter medications acts as a key restraint for the skin rashes treatment market.

Geographically, the global skin rashes treatment market has been classified into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. The market in Europe and North America markets is expected to expand more significantly during the forecast period, as compared to Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa. This is attributable to high prevalence rate, increase in use of medications such as antihistamine, and increase in geriatric population. Asia Pacific is an emerging market for skin rashes treatment, owing to developing health care infrastructure, rising government expenditure on health care, and high prevalence of skin rashes in the region. However, lack of proper treatment and increase in the use of over-the-counter medications restrain the skin rashes treatment market in regions such as Middle East & Africa and Latin America.

Some of the companies with products for treatment of skin rashes are AEterna Zentaris, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Biofrontera AG, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., FAES Farma SA, Genentech, Inc., JDP Therapeutics, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited.

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The term manometry refers to a diagnostic procedure that is conducted to make measurement of the pressure or impedance exerted by muscles inside body lumen like nasal cavity, rectum, and esophagus. A catheter or probe that contains liquid phase or solid phase pressure transducer is inserted inside the lumen. Pressure that has been exerted by the muscles is then measured by using a computer system and a manometry unit. Manometry is done so as to evaluate motility studies in many of the disorders like abnormal sphincter contraction, fecal incontinence, constipation, dysphagia, and achalasia. Gastro-intestinal manometry lasts around 5 to 24 hours. Technological advancement in the manometry system are allowing other tests that are to be performed together with impedance mapping like temperature monitoring and pH monitoring.

Considering the international vendor landscape, the worldwide Manometry Systems Market can be considered as moderately fragmented and the market players focus on strategically important partnerships, collaborations, mergers, and acquisitions.

Expansion in the base of geriatric population and changing dietary habits are estimated to increase the number of patients with gastrointestinal motility diseases like dysphagia, hiatal hernia, achalasia, and constipation. Increase in the investment for the development of healthcare infrastructure and rising per capita healthcare expenditure are quite likely to drive the world market for manometry systems in the years to come. In addition to that, less awareness amongst patients and physicians in underdeveloped and emerging economies and high cost are prognosticated to limit the growth of the market.

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Besides, high adoption of manometry for many of the diagnosis procedures so as to monitor on a long-term basis is estimated to contribute towards high share of the market by the hospital industry. Rising demand for hospital stay that is short-term and increasing number of gastrointestinal processes like endoscopy that is being done at ambulatory surgical centers are quite likely to fuel the segment.

In terms of geography, the world market for manometry systems can be divided into North America, Latin America, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific, and Europe. Increased adoption of technology and high cost of healthcare from private and public sector in North America are expected to contribute towards the high market share of this region. In addition to this, wide prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders that is lifestyle induced is expected to fuel the market in North America. The region of Europe is expected to hold around substantial share of the world market for manometry systems over the period of forecast owing to the well-established health care infrastructure in the said region. Rising investment by the various governing bodies in the development of health care infrastructure in various emerging markets like India and China are likely to propel the said market in Asia Pacific. The regions of Latin America and South Asia are forecasted to have very high prevalence of gastro-intestinal motility diseases across the world and the same is estimated to expand the base of manometry systems in these regions thereby propelling the market.

The analysts of this report have profiled some of the topnotch companies that are active in this market. Major market participants that are operating in the world market for manometry systems comprise EB Neuro S.p.A., MEDSPIRA, Medtronic, Medica S.p.A., RMS Medical Devices, MARQUAT Génie Biomédical, Diversatek, Inc., Dentsleeve International Ltd, and LABORIE are some of the prominent names that adorn the said market. These leading companies are expected to focus on strengthening their presence across various geographical through various growth promoting strategies like acquisitions, partnerships and collaborations, and product diversification.

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Laser trabeculoplasty is a technique used for the intervention of open-angle glaucoma in patients who are unable to use medication, or in certain conditions such as pseudoexfoliation or pigmentary glaucoma. Laser trabeculoplasty is done to control intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes of glaucoma patients, who are awaiting filtering surgery. Complete glaucoma evaluation is done by the physician prior to recommending trabeculoplasty. The evaluation includes gonioscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, optic nerve examination, and central corneal pachymetry. A shift from usage of regular laser treatment procedure to selective laser trabeculoplasty procedure has been observed for the treatment of glaucoma, as the procedure creates minimal heat damage to adjacent tissue. Key players operating in the global laser trabeculoplasty market include Quantel Medical, Ellex Medical Lasers Ltd., IRIDEX Corporation, Lumenis, Optotek d. o. o., MS Westfalia GmbH (Topcon Corporation), and Vision Systems Inc.

Increasing prevalence of glaucoma is a major factor that is driving the Laser Trabeculoplasty Market. Other factors anticipated to drive the laser trabeculoplasty market include rise in geriatric population, preference for laser techniques leading to minimal heat damage to adjacent tissue, increasing number of domestic and global players entering the market with new products and techniques leading to increase in funding for R&D of surgical procedures. However, other surgical techniques and devices employed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) such as non-penetrating glaucoma surgery, canaloplasty, trabecular bypass devices, suprachoroidal shunts, and other novel devices are projected to restrain the laser trabeculoplasty market during the forecast period.

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The global laser trabeculoplastys market can be classified on the basis of treatment type, glaucoma type, end-user, and region. In terms of treatment type, the market can be segmented into argon laser trabeculoplasty and selective laser trabeculoplasty. In terms of glaucoma type, the global laser trabeculoplastys market can be segmented into open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, and others. The open-angle glaucoma segment is projected to account for a prominent share of the global laser trabeculoplasty market during the forecast period due to increase in certain medical problems due to previous eye surgery. Rising demand for first-line therapy for treatment of open-angle glaucoma and other types of glaucoma, especially in emerging economies such as China, Brazil, and India, is also likely to boost the laser trabeculoplasty market. In terms of end-user, the market can be segmented into hospitals, eye research institutes, ambulatory surgical centers, and ophthalmology clinics.

In terms of region, the global laser trabeculoplasty market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America is projected to dominate the global market during the forecast period. According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, 3 million Latin and North Americans have glaucoma, and in the U.S. more than 120,000 have lost their vision due to glaucoma, accounting for 9% to 12% of all cases of blindness. According to the World Health Organization, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Furthermore, the increase in prevalence of glaucoma and rise in number of glaucoma surgeries, especially in developing countries such as China, South Africa, and India, are likely to propel the laser trabeculoplastys market in the countries of Asia Pacific & Middle East & Africa.

According to a report published by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, in 2017, the rate of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG) occurrence in patients older than 40 years is 2.1% to 5.0% of the population, and 0.4% to 1.3% among East Asians. In comparison, rates are exceedingly lower in Caucasians (0.1% to 0.6%) and Africans (0.1% to 0.2%). In 2010, the global prevalence of angle-closure glaucoma was 15.7 million with nearly 25% of cases resulting in bilateral blindness. However, the incidence of glaucoma, and surgery related to eye diseases is rising in Asia Pacific due to increasing IOP and advancing age. This, in turn, is anticipated to fuel the demand for cost-effective laser trabeculoplasty devices. These factors are projected to drive the laser trabeculoplasty market in Asia Pacific between 2017 and 2025.

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Low molecular weight heparin is derived from an unfractionated heparin with an average molecular weight of less than 8,000 Da. Low molecular weight heparins are extracted by enzymatic or chemical depolymerization of unfractionated heparin. Low molecular weight heparins have fewer side effects as compared to unfractionated heparins, which involve lesser risk of heparin-induced osteopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Currently, low molecular weight heparin forms the standard of care drugs and is widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of arterial and venous thrombosis. Dose consideration for low molecular weight heparin depends on a patient’s weight. In 2014, researchers at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the University of North Carolina (UNC) developed a synthetic form of low molecular weight heparin that is safe and can be reversed in activity using an antidote called protamine. According to the research, this synthetic heparin is safer and cheaper than the available heparin which is derived from animals.

Proven benefits of low molecular weight heparin over unfractionated heparin are driving the demand for low molecular weight heparin globally, which in turn is fuelling the growth of the Low Molecular Weight Heparin Market. The demand for low molecular weight heparin is expected to grow exponentially in the next few years due to increasing usage in surgeries and in the treatment of coagulation disorders. However, lack of its ability to reverse the effect of overdose resulting in the development of HIT and other bleeding disorders restrains the growth of the global low molecular weight heparin market. Key players operating in the global low molecular weight heparin market include Sanofi S.A., Pfizer, Inc., LEO Pharma A/S, and Novartis AG.

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The global low molecular weight heparin market is segmented on the basis of type of molecule, type of packaging, dosing by body weight, approved indication, end-user, and region. In terms of type of molecule, the market is segmented into Lovenox (enoxaparin), Fragmin (Dalteparin), Innohep (tinzaparin), and others. Based on the type of packaging, the market is classified into multi-dose vial, single-dose vial, prefilled or preloaded syringe, unit dose syringe, and ampoule. On the basis of dosing by body weight, the market is categorized into 31 to 40 Kg, 41 to 50 Kg, 51 to 60 Kg, 61 to 70 Kg, 71 to 80 Kg, 81 to 90 Kg, and above 91 Kg.

In terms of approved indication, the market is divided into prophylaxis in hip replacement surgery, prophylaxis in knee replacement surgery, prophylaxis in abdominal surgery, prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients, secondary prophylaxis or extended treatment in cancer patients, inpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis without pulmonary embolism, outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism, unstable angina and non-ST elevated MI, and acute ST-elevation MI. In terms of end-user, the market is segmented into hospitals, nursing homes & private clinics, assisted living facilities & long-term care institutions, and home health care.

Geographically, the global low molecular weight heparin market is distributed over North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Europe and North America hold a large market share owing to rise in the geriatric population that has an impact on the prevalence of venous thrombosis. The European Commission (Eurostat) stated that the geriatric population in Europe is estimated to reach 525 million by 2035. The Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa markets are anticipated to grow during the forecast period due to increasing birth rate. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) recommend low molecular weight heparin as the most appropriate heparin to be used during pregnancy due to its inability to cross the placenta.

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Increasing number of cancer deaths across the globe can be attributed to lung cancer. A tumor formation by uncontrolled growth of cells in the lung tissues leads to lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and Small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are the two types of lung cancer known so far. SLCC accounts for 20% share of the lung cancer cases worldwide while NSLC accounts for around 80% of the cases. The main cause of lung cancer is inherited genetic predisposition and inhalation of carcinogenic substance. Tobacco, arsenic, radiations such as X-rays and UV rays, and asbestos are some of the examples of carcinogens.

Around 87% of lung cancers occur due to tobacco, smoking, passive smoking, and inhalation of any carcinogenic substance. On the other hand, genetic predisposition either directly causes cancer or increases the chances of developing lung cancer due to exposure to certain environmental factors. Lung cancer can be diagnosed through biopsy which is carried out using bronchoscopy or CT-guidance. A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy are involved in the treatment of lung cancer. Lung cancer surgery is the surgical ablation of cancer tissue from the lung. The type of surgery depends upon the size of the tumor and its position within the lung. This treatment option is majorly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. The Lung Cancer Surgery Market is likely to grow due to high success rates as compared to other therapies available.

Covidien PLC, Ethicon US LLC, AngioDynamics Inc., Intuitive Surgical Inc., Accuray Inc., Teleflex Inc., Scanlan International Inc., Olympus Corporation, KARL STORZ GmbH, Ackermann Instrumente GmbH, and Trokamed GmbH are some of the key players of the lung cancer surgery market.

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The lung cancer surgery market can be divided into two segments -based on types of surgery available and products used (surgical & monitoring devices). Four types of surgery can be performed to treat lung cancer. These are pneumonectomy, lobectomy, segmentectomy or wedge resection, and sleeve resection. Pneumonectomy is removal of the entire lung through surgery and lobectomy is the removal of the entire cancer affected lobe of the lung. In segmentectomy, a small wedge shaped piece of lung is excised. In sleeve resection, healthy parts are reconnected after the removal of the cancerous part of the bronchus. On the basis of products used, lung cancer surgery can be classified into minimally invasive surgical procedures (such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery), robot assisted surgery, and percutaneous transcatheter surgery (radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation).

Rising occurrence of lung cancer due to change in lifestyle, increase in the number of smokers, and rise in the level of air pollution, and technological advancements in the field of minimally invasive surgeries are some of the reasons enhancing the growth of the lung cancer surgery market. According to National Cancer Institute, the number of deaths due to lung cancer accounted for around 160,340 in 2012 and there were around 220,160 new lung cancer diagnosis cases in the same year.

World Health Organization (WHO) claims around 1,824,701 deaths annually due to lung cancer and that accounts for 13% of total lung cancer cases diagnosed in adults in 2012. Novel surgical approaches like robotic surgery and other technological advancements further boosts the growth of the lung cancer surgery market. On the other hand, lack of surgical expertise, effective alternative treatments, limited accessibility to novel approaches, abrupt location & large size of the tumor, post-surgery pain, and high cost are some of the restraints faced by the market. High growth potential in the Asian region provides opportunities for players in the lung cancer surgery market.

Geographically, the lung cancer surgery market can be distributed into five regions i.e. North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America dominates the global lung cancer surgery market. According to World Cancer Research Fund International, the highest incidence of lung cancer was observed in Northern America followed by the Asia Pacific region. Rise in the aging population, increasing incidence of lung cancer, and reimbursement available for lung cancer surgery are some factors that drives the growth in the North American market.

However, Asia is expected to expand at the highest growth rate rapidly as expensive robotic surgeries are being carried out for treatment, which is anticipated to contribute to the growth of the global lung cancer surgery market. Factor such as growing population, increase in the number of newly diagnosed patients, government initiatives for improvement of healthcare infrastructure, and increasing healthcare expenditure in Asian countries are driving the market. In Europe, Hungary had the highest rate of lung cancer, followed by Serbia. In Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, the incidence of lung cancer is comparatively lower than most developed countries.

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Bones in our body are living tissue. They have their own blood vessels and are made of living cells, which help them to grow and to repair themselves. Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. It also serves as a storage area for calcium, and playing a large role in calcium balance in the blood. There are 270 bones at birth time and the total number decrease to 206 in adulthood after some bones are fused together.

The 206 bones in the body serve several purposes. They support and protect internal organs (for example, the skull protects the brain and the ribs protect the lungs). Muscles pull against bones to make the body move. Bone marrow, the soft, spongy tissue in the center of many bones, makes and stores blood cells. Smoking and alcohol consumption can lead to lower bone density and higher risk of fracture and this risk increases with age.

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Based on bone disease, the global Bone Biology Market can be divided into osteoporosis, arthritis, hypocalcaemia, and bone fracture. The osteoporosis segment is growing at a faster rate than the other segments. Rising geriatric population is the leading factor restraining the market. In terms of test type, the bone biology market can be segmented into alkaline phosphatase test, x ray, CT scan, and bone mineral density test. The bone mineral density test and x-ray test segment account for significant market share. The market is driven by rising prevalence’s of accidents and intake of calcium deficiency diet which lead to bone fracture and low calcium density in the bone. Increasing trend of inactive lifestyle, rising geriatric population and obesity are factors that likely to boost market growth. The side-effects and complications such as nausea, ulcer in stomach and irritable bowel syndrome associated with administration of drugs are factors expected to hamper the growth of the global market.

Geographically, North America is expected to be the largest market for bone biology globally. This is attributed to rising geriatric population and increasing awareness about bone disease such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis takes a huge personal and economic toll. In Europe, the disability due to osteoporosis is greater than that caused by cancers (with the exception of lung cancer) and is comparable or greater than that lost to a variety of chronic non communicable diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are likely to drive the market in Europe.

Moreover, according to International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA), the annual number of fractures in the European union will rise from 3.5 million in 2010 to 4.5 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 28%.However, the market in Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth during the forecast period. This is due rising geriatric population, increasing healthcare expenditure, and large patient’s pools. Changing lifestyle, increasing awareness about osteoporosis and improving economy structure are likely to drive the market of bone biology in Middle East & Africa.

Pfizer, Inc.,Eli Lily and Company,F. Hoffmann La Roche,Novartis Ag,Merck & Co., Inc.,Radius Health, Inc.,Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and GlaxoSmithKline Plc are key pharmaceutical company operating in the bone biology market.

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Transparency Market Research (TMR) is a market intelligence company, providing global business information reports and services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insight for thousands of decision makers. TMR’s experienced team of analysts, researchers, and consultants, use proprietary data sources and various tools and techniques to gather, and analyze information. Our business offerings represent the latest and the most reliable information indispensable for businesses to sustain a competitive edge.

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